Delayed feedback in steering during learning and transfer of learning

Abstract

Compares accuracy in steering behavior as a characteristic mode of dynamic self-generation of stimuli by movement, with stimulus tracking in which response guidance is determined primarily by movements of environmental stimuli. Breath-generated variations in a visual target were used to measure steering of 24 female undergraduates. The hypotheses were that learning in tracking the respiration-generated targets would proceed more rapidly than that of tracking an environmental stimulus and that transfer of performance with the self-generated targets also would be superior. Results based on exact calibration of the equality of error control of the 2 modes of tracking confirm these assumptions. It was also found that steering and stimulus tracking were differentially affected in the learning and transfer trial series by manual-visual feedback delays between 0-1.5 sec. Results are explained theoretically by the assumption that steering reactions involved built-in stereotypical spatial and temporal coordinations between eye, hand, and body movements which were not present in the stimulus tracking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)