Are deficiency scores deficient?

Abstract

Discusses problems associated with the use of deficiency scores in job attitude research. A logical and a psychological constraint are identified and their operation is demonstrated with data from empirical and simulated studies using 66 nurses from 6 empirical levels. Part correlation and partial correlation techniques are recommended as ways of interpreting relationships between deficiency scores and other variables. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)