The validity of "undecided" answers in questionnaire responses

Abstract

Union members completed a questionnaire including three-part opinion items, the first on norms, the second on perceptions, and the third on evaluations. "Undecided" evaluative responses seemed to be validly associated with "don't know" perception responses, but there is no evidence for the validity of the remainder of the undecided responses… and, consequently, it is impossible to draw conclusions for the group as a whole." (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)