Studies in the symbolism of voice and action: V. The use of behavioral and tonal symbols as tests of speaking achievement

Abstract

Subjects were asked to express 11 emotional states either by facial gestures or pantomime, or by tonal means. These poses were judged by a group of 14 persons as to where they fell in the original list of 11 items. The judges' scoring of the performances by the use of what is termed a split-half index of the reliability gave reliability correlations for facial gestures of + .93, and + .87 for tonal expression. Correlation indices of validity are described as moderate to high. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)