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Teachers' grades as criteria of achievement of bilingual children

Caldwell, Floyd F., Mowry, Mary Davis

Journal of Applied Psychology · 1933 · Volume 18 · Issue 2

DOI: 10.1037/h0072045

Abstract

The relationship between scores in English and history on a homemade objective test and the New Stanford Achievement Test is as high or higher for Spanish-American children as for Anglo-Americans in the 3rd to 8th grades; but the objective test scores correlate with teachers' grades consistently lower for the Spanish-American children than for the Anglo-Americans. The authors suggest that these results indicate a "halo" effect which tends to give lower grades to the Spanish-American children than their actual knowledge of the subject indicates. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)

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