Are Tax Cuts Contractionary at the Zero Lower Bound? Evidence from a Century of Data

Abstract

Popular New Keynesian macroeconomic models predict that cuts in various types of distortionary taxes are contractionary when monetary policy is constrained at the zero lower bound (ZLB). We turn to a long span of history in the United Kingdom to test this hypothesis. Using a new long-run dataset of narrative-identified tax changes from 1918 to 2020, we show that tax cuts are expansionary in both low-interest-rate environments and more normal times. We do not find evidence of a deflationary spiral at the ZLB. Tax cuts may therefore still be a useful tool to stimulate economic activity when monetary policy is constrained.