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Robust Estimation and Inference in Panels with Interactive Fixed Effects

Timothy B. Armstrong, Martin Weidner, Andrei Zeleneev

Journal of Political Economy · 2026 · Volume 134 · Issue 8

DOI: 10.1086/741623

Abstract

We consider estimation and inference for a regression coefficient in panels with interactive fixed effects (i.e., a factor structure). We show that previously developed estimators and confidence in...

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