Correlates of Hallucinatory Experiences in the General Population: An International Multisite Replication Study
Peter Moseley, André Aleman, Paul Allen, Vaughan Bell, Josef Bless, Catherine Bortolon, Matteo Cella, Jane Garrison, Kenneth Hugdahl, Eva Kozáková, Frank Larøi, Jamie Moffatt, Nicolas Say, David Smailes, Mimi Suzuki, Wei Lin Toh, Todd Woodward, Yuliya Zaytseva, Susan Rossell, Charles Fernyhough
Psychological Science · 2021 · Volume 32 · Issue 7
Abstract
Hallucinatory experiences can occur in both clinical and nonclinical groups. However, in previous studies of the general population, investigations of the cognitive mechanisms underlying hallucinatory experiences have yielded inconsistent results. We ran a large-scale preregistered multisite study, in which general-population participants ( N = 1,394 across 11 data-collection sites and online) completed assessments of hallucinatory experiences, a measure of adverse childhood experiences, and four tasks: source memory, dichotic listening, backward digit span, and auditory signal detection. We found that hallucinatory experiences were associated with a higher false-alarm rate on the signal detection task and a greater number of reported adverse childhood experiences but not with any of the other cognitive measures employed. These findings are an important step in improving reproducibility in hallucinations research and suggest that the replicability of some findings regarding cognition in clinical samples needs to be investigated.
Keywords
cognitive processes, auditory perception, language, memory, hallucinations, open materials, preregistered
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