A Single-Product Inventory Model for Multiple Demand Classes
Hasan Arslan, Stephen C. Graves, Thomas A. Roemer
Management Science · 2007 · Volume 53 · Issue 9
Abstract
We consider a single-product inventory system that serves multiple demand classes, which differ in their shortage costs or service-level requirements. We assume a critical-level control policy, and a backorder clearing mechanism in which we treat a backorder for a lower-priority class equivalent to a reserve-stock shortfall for the higher-priority class. We show the equivalence between this inventory system and a serial inventory system. Based on this equivalence, we develop a model for cost evaluation and optimization under the assumptions of Poisson demand, deterministic replenishment lead time, and a continuous-review ( Q, R ) policy with rationing. We propose a computationally efficient heuristic and develop a bound on its performance. We provide a numerical experiment to show the effectiveness of the heuristic and the value from a rationing policy. Finally, we describe how to extend the model to permit service times, and how to extend the model to a multi-echelon setting.
Keywords
inventory rationing, service differentiation, serial inventory system, priority demand classes
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