Identifying Demand Curves in Index Option Markets
Kris Jacobs, Anh Thu Mai, Paola Pederzoli
Management Science · 2026
Abstract
We identify latent demands in index option markets using a sign-restricted vector autoregression (VAR) and highlight the bias from treating (equilibrium) net demand as exogenous. Market-maker and end-user demand curves are far from infinitely elastic as assumed by some models, but elasticities exceed existing estimates for equities. Characterizing demand curves provides insights into the structure of index option markets. Deteriorating market conditions are associated with right shifts of the latent demand curves. The at-the-money (ATM) (out-of-the-money (OTM)) markets for calls and puts are mainly driven by end-user (market-maker) demand, and end-user (market-maker) ATM (OTM) call option demand predicts S&P500 returns. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.04263 .
Keywords
latent demand, elasticity, index options, intermediaries, pure-sign restricted VAR, COVID crisis
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