Evaluating Echelon Stock (R, nQ) Policies in Serial Production/Inventory Systems with Stochastic Demand
Management Science · 1994 · Volume 40 · Issue 10
Abstract
This paper studies echelon stock ( R , nQ ) policies in serial production/inventory systems with stochastic demand. We provide a recursive procedure to compute the steady state echelon inventory levels of the systems, which can be used to evaluate the long-run average holding and backorder costs as well as other performance measures. The procedure is based upon an observation of a relationship between the inventory status of adjacent stages in a serial system. We also device exact formulas for replenishment frequencies and setup costs. Our results apply to both continuous-review systems with compound Poisson demand and periodic-review systems with independent, identically distributed demands. A preliminary numerical study was conducted to explore the cost effectiveness of echelon stock ( R , nQ ) policies. For two-stage systems with simple Poisson demand, we compared among the minimum costs of echelon stock ( R , nQ ) policies, a lower bound on the minimum achievable costs, and the minimum costs of installation stock ( R , nQ ) policies. Finally, we present a modification of an existing approximate evaluation procedure.
Keywords
multi-echelon inventory, facility-in-series, batch ordering, reroder-point order-quantity system
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