Exit, Voice, Loyalty, and Neglect as Responses to Job Dissatisfaction: A Multidimensional Scaling Study

Abstract

This study focuses on workers' responses to job dissatisfaction. It is suggested that four theoretical categories—exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect—characterize a diverse group of more specific behaviors (e.g., turnover, absenteeism, lateness, talking to supervisor, requesting a transfer). A multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) of collected data supports the categories.