Effects of within-group and between-groups variation in leadership

Abstract

Correlated the satisfaction and role perceptions of 672 men from 31 units of the US Army National Guard with the Leadership Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ) Consideration and Initiating Structure scale scores that described their 1st sergeants and unit commanders. Between-units leadership effects were examined by correlating the averaged LBDQ scores in each unit, which were assigned to each respondent in that unit, with the individual-level criteria. Within-unit leadership effects were examined through a hierarchical regression analysis in which unit means were entered in the 1st step. Although the effects of within-group variation in leader behavior were stronger than between-groups variations, both variations significantly predicted subordinate reactions. (22 ref) (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)